Bandwidth and Network Manage

Bandwidth management also known as Network Management Bandwidth or Network Bandwidth Management is the technique to measure and control communications on network link that may result in congestion of network and inadequate performance.

Bandwidth management is frequently used synonym for data-transfer. Data-transferring rate is the rate at which a specific amount of data can be taken from a single point to the other during the specified time limit. This type of bandwidth usually is expressed in bps or bits per second. Very rarely, it is expressed in Bps (Bytes per second).

A modem, which operates at 57,600 bps is having double the bandwidth and rate of modem, which operates at 28,800 bps. A link having greater bandwidth is capable of carrying sufficient information for sustaining the progression of pictures in any video presentation.

An actual communication path normally comprises of a link succession with every link having its private bandwidth.

Network tuning and network performance management are some of the terms used for Network Optimization. It is a unique linear programming framework model. In fact, network models have three merits over the linear programming framework model.

1. Quick to solve: Problems with linear program having 30,000 columns and 1000 rows are solved very quickly. It grants that network models need to be included in various applications including real-time making of decision.

2. Natural solution to integers: By realizing that problems can be designed as network program, solving special kinds of integer plans becomes easy.

3. Intuitive in nature: Network models offer a language to talk about problems, which are intuitive when compared to variables, constraints, and objective language of integer and linear programming.

Network managers are constantly searching for smart Enterprise network management solutions that will make their job easier and more manageable. Enterprise network management services are offered by communication Companies that specializes in providing with these solutions and maintaining them for long-term periods.

Sony Ericsson C902 Review

With a multitude of functions and an excellent 5 MP camera the Sony Ericsson C902 takes thecamera phone to new heights. OK we will have a look at a detailed review from mobilephone blog. Stylish and usable The Sony Ericsson C902's very simple style does not break any ground in innovation in design. It feels good to handle. Sometimes Sony Ericsson phones'buttons are tiny and awkard. At 49mm wide, 10.5mm thick and 107g in weight this device is not too far off the average. And the numberpad buttons on the Sony Ericsson C902 are large and easy to handle.They are perfect for texting. The silver trimming around the edges gives a classy appeal. The camera It is the camera that is likely to sell the C902 to the masses. With a 5 megapixel capability simply the start, there is few that Sony Ericsson have not included on this camera phone. Face detection and a flashlight that can be used in conjunction with video capability are equipped in Sony Ericsson C902. Further, digital image stabilisation technology is present, and the settings can all be adjusted with the very capable navigation system. Tagging is built in, too, with all above the Sony Ericsson C902 keeps up the Cyber-shot rep for taking quality photos. What else can it do? There is more than just photography to the Sony Ericsson C902. It supports HSDPA high speed web browsing technology a feature that is required in a phone in this class and also a full media system that is based around the famed Sony Walkman device. A memory expansion is available, although it is exclusive to the manufacturer just like many Sony Ericsson devices. Like the Sony Ericsson K850i, this slim shooter sports accelerometer motion sensors for viewing snaps or web pages in landscape mode. The Sony Ericsson C902 received a number of critical comments for freezing and screens blanking when it was first released, and there have been complaints about the battery life of the C902, yet overall the Sony Ericsson C902 is a good camera phone with many useful features and continues to sell well and performs very admirably for most users.

Bluetooth 101

Bluetooth devices will normally operate at 2.4 GHZ in the license free, globally available ISM radio band. The advantage to this band includes worldwide availability and compatibility. A disadvantage to this however, is that the devices must share this band with other RF emitters. This includes automobile security systems, other wireless devices, and other noise sources, such as microwaves.

To overcome this challenge, Bluetooth employs a fast frequency hopping scheme and therefore uses shorter packets than other standards within the ISM band. This scheme helps to make Bluetooth communication more robust and more secure.

Frequency hopping

Frequency hopping is basically jumping from frequency to frequency within the ISM radio band. After a bluetooth device sends or receives a packet, it and the device (or devices) it's communicating with hop to another frequency before the next packet is sent. This scheme offers three advantages:

1. Allows Bluetooth devices to use the entirety of the available ISM band, while never transmitting from a fixed frequency for more than a short period of time. This helps insure that Bluetooth conforms to the ISM restrictions on the transmission quantity per frequency.

2. Ensures that any interference won't last long. Any packet that doesn't arrive safely to its destination can be resent to the next frequency.

3. Provides a base level of security as it's very hard for an eavesdropping device to predict which frequency the Bluetooth devices will use next.

The connected devices however, must agree upon the frequency they will use next. The specification in Bluetooth ensures this in two ways. First, it defines a master and slave type relationship between bluetooth devices. Next, it specifies an algorithm that uses device specific information when calculating the frequency hop sequences.

A Bluetooth device that operates in master mode can communicate with up to seven devices that are set in slave mode. To each of the slaves, the master Bluetooth device will send its own unique address and the value of its own internal clock. The information sent is then used to calculate the frequency hop sequences.

Because the master device and each of the slave devices use the same algorithm with the same initial input, the connected devices will always arrive together at the next frequency that they have agreed upon.

As a replacement for cable technology, it's no wonder that Bluetooth devices are usually battery powered, such as wireless mice and battery powered cell phones. To conserve the power, most devices operate in low power. This helps to give Bluetooth devices a range of around 5 - 10 meters.

This range is far enough for wireless communication but close enough to avoid drawing too much power from the power source of the device.

The Better Networker Website

he Better Networker Website is an MLM Social Media Portal that appears to have been registered in October 2007. This Website is owned by Magnetic Sponsoring, LLC which is one of Mike Dillard's companies. This website is an interactive, forum based website which centers itself on offering free advice regarding how to succeed in Network Marketing and also covers Home Business Success, Internet Marketing and Web 2.0 topics as well. As of the time of this writing this website was getting about 54,000 unique visitors per month, which definitely makes it a high traffic portal site.

The Better Networker Website starts off with a Free Articles section. I must honestly say that the topics covered are a lot Broader than just Network Marketing. Just in the first page alone I saw a post on Mastering Automated Follow-ups. Another post mentioned that it wasn't smart to work for someone else. Then the next one covered 5 tips for getting Website Traffic Fast using 5 quick tips. Another post covered saving money on standard office supplies. So you can see there are a broad range of topics in the article section.

The next section the Better Networker MLM Portal covers is video. It appears you can submit your videos here as well. Same as the article section, just about anything you can think of is covered here. There was even a personal video of a guy wanted to get out and Ride his Harley Davidson this afternoon. Another one was asking for advice on his video regarding what people think he should do now that he's losing his recruiting steam. Another video covered how to generate dozens of the Best MLM Leads. And one was asking advice on how to motivate his organization.

Next is the Podcast Section. You can submit Podcasts on the Better Networker Website as well if that's what you are into and like to do. I saw one from Mike Dillard covering how to make $50,000 a month working less than 3 hours per day. He's basically promoting some Virtual Assistant Software. Another Podcast I noticed on the front page is why you need Video in your marketing plan. Another gentlemen posted a Podcast that will show you how to get out of the rat race.

The Better Networker Website also has a managed forum. You can go here and participate in either MLM, Affiliate Marketing and Internet Marketing topics which are all covered. What sounded cool to me anyway is that they offer a Tech Advice column where you can get questions answered regarding setting up a Website or a Blog. This tech section covers a very broad range of topics. Other topics covered in the forum of course are all of Mike Dillards Products which include Magnetic Sponsoring, MLM Traffic Formula and Building on a Budget.

Better Networker also has a resource section filled with URL's on how to build traffic as well as specific tools you'll need to get your MLM Business off on the right foot. It covers Autoresponders, Blogs, Copywriting, Google, Merchant Accounts, Press Releases, SEO, Outsourcing and much more. You can even earn reward points by participating in the forum. The rewards they'll offer for participating haven't been posted yet, but they do claim that they'll by mentioning specific rewards soon. But even without the rewards, this is a great place to meet fellow Network Marketers and get some of your tough questions answered for free

Simulated brain

A detailedg the simulation to the human brain is only a matter of money, says the project's head.

The work was presented at the European Future Technologies meeting in Prague.

The Blue Brain project launched in 2005 as the most ambitious brain simulation effort ever undertaken.

While many computer simulations have attempted to code in "brain-like" computation or to mimic parts of the nervous systems and brains of a variety of animals, the Blue Brain project was conceived to reverse-engineer mammal brains from real laboratory data and to build up a computer model down to the level of the molecules that make them up.

The first phase of the project is now complete; researchers have modeled the neocortical column - a unit of the mammalian brain known as the neocortex which is responsible for higher brain functions and thought.

"The thing about the neocortical column is that you can think of it as an isolated processor. It is very much the same from mouse to man - it gets a bit larger a bit wider in humans, but the circuit diagram is very similar," Henry Markram, leader of the Blue Brain project and founder of the Brain Mind Institute in Switzerland, told BBC News.

He added that, when evolution discovered this "mammalian secret", it duplicated it many many times and then "used it as it needed more and more functionality".

Virtually there

It's a matter of if society wants this. If they want it in 10 years, they'll have it in 10 years.
Henry Markram
Brain Mind Institute

Professor Markram told the Science Beyond Fiction conference that the column is being integrated into a virtual reality agent - a simulated animal in a simulated environment, so that the researchers will be able to observe the detailed activities in the column as the animal moves around the space.

"It starts to learn things and starts to remember things. We can actually see when it retrieves a memory, and where they retrieved it from because we can trace back every activity of every molecule, every cell, every connection and see how the memory was formed."

The next phase of the project will make use of a more advanced version of the IBM Blue Gene supercomputer that was used in the research to date.

"The next phase is beginning with a 'molecularisation' process: we add in all the molecules and biochemical pathways to move toward gene expression and gene networks. We couldn't do that on our first supercomputer."

Speed Up Torrent Downloads

Torrent download and uploading is a peer to peer technology that allows millions of users from all over the world to share files. In simpler terms, it is a peer to peer file sharing technology. You can use this technology to share all kinds of files on the Internet, even without the use of a browser. Here is a quick introduction of how the technology works.

What is a torrent?

File sharing using torrent software requires files to be first converted into torrents. Torrents are actually smaller files that are created from the original source file. For example, you may have a full length movie you want to share on a torrent network. But this file is too big. So you convert the file into torrents (smaller files), so that you can share them with other users on the network.

How sharing works.

Torrent sharing has been around for many years now. It's not a new technology, but the concept still puzzles some internet users. Here is how the sharing works.

Once the files have been converted into torrents, they reside on the user computer. The folders are specially selected folders with permission given to the torrent software to share the files within that folder. Only files that are within these shared folders are visible to other users on the network.

If you want to look for a specific file to download, you will need to go to a torrent search engine, and make a keyword search. You may then click on a search result, and the download will commence immediately. The search engines will also list other important information such as how many users are seeding the files. The more seeds available, the more reliable, and the faster the download.

A seed is when a user complete the entire download for a particular file. That user, becomes a seed, and he or she now shares the file with other users. That's how file sharing works on a torrent network. It's based on the basic concept of reciprocity.

Download speeds are affected by several variables.

Firstly, your torrent configurations may be something to do with your download speed. You may need someone with experience to help you with the configurations. Or you may want to try out different settings to see what works best. Usually, you can get download speeds of between 100kbs to 200kbs. That's a speed comparable to some of the fastest servers on the Internet!

Secondly, the number of seeds available also influence the download speed. If the file is very popular, and many people are sharing the same file, you will get a much faster download speed.

Finally, if you really want a boost to your download speed, you can consider installing special software like Torrent Booster. Such software helps you to achieve download speeds that you have never experienced before

How To Change Your Twitter Background

Twitter.com has surpassed all expectations of growth. It is growing at an unbelievable rate and may come in top 10 of Alexa.com ranking if continues its march like this. Do you have a twitter page? If you have a twitter page, then I am suggesting something that will add color and zing to your page. I am speaking of backgrounds that you can add on your page. Good backgrounds can not only change the look of your Twitter profile page but also get you more followers. Twitter is being increasingly used for business promotion and backgrounds come handy to liven up the page in such cases. Even otherwise backgrounds give a personalized look to your page. Here is how you add backgrounds to your twitter page.

Some websites are offering backgrounds in many designs. You get designs such as flowers, stars, stripes, hearts, girly, celebs, sports, nature, music, tv shows, emo, butterflies, birds and animals, diamonds, polka dots, patterns, etc.

To change the background image of your Twitter page, first of all find a good background image from any website offering twitter backgrounds. Once you choose your image, right click on your chosen background image and save it to your computer hard drive where you can easily find it again. For example: the d drive. Then open your Twitter page and click 'settings' at the top of the page. Go to the 'design' tab and click on 'Change background image'. Go and find the image, which you saved earlier. Put a check mark in the 'tile background' check box if you think the background image must be repeated or tiled. Click 'save changes' and you will find your page has got new life with the Twitter background. Try different backgrounds everyday and ask your friends about their opinion. You will find that some designs reflect your personality better than others. Some colors may look professional and some may look fun. You have to choose everything depending upon the purpose of the page. Whichever gets highest votes may be kept on the page for a longer period otherwise keep changing the page and have fun.

WinZip Self-Extractor file is damaged

The Zip format allows you to compress and archive large files by using compression algorithms. These files are mostly used over networks and secondary storage media like flash drives. A .zip file can get corrupted due to CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) errors, faulty network hardware, improper system shutdown, malicious software like virus etc. Corruption of .zip file results in inaccessibility of the data stored in it. In such situations, you need to restore the data from latest backup. However, if there is no backup available or backup falls short of providing the required information, then you need to repair the .zip file by using powerful Zip Repair tools.

Consider a practical scenario, when you try to open a .zip file that you downloaded from an FTP site, you encounter the below error message:

"WinZip Self-Extractor Zip file is damaged, truncated, or has been changed since it was created. If you downloaded this file, try downloading again."

The above error message is encountered due to .zip file corruption. The data stored in the .zip file becomes inaccessible and you encounter the same error message each time you attempt to open the .zip file.

Cause:

The above error message mainly occurs if WinZip self extractor finds a mismatch between the file checksums. Another major cause for the above error message is file system corruption.

Resolution:
The best possible ways to resolve the above error message are discussed below:

• You need to run the windows disk scan utility (CHKDSK). This utility enables you to check and repair the corrupted files.
• You can delete the previously saved .zip file and download it again from the FTP site.
• You need to make sure that your internet connection is stable.

However, if the above ways fail to deliver results and you still encounter the same error message, then you need to use powerful and updated zip repair. software. Such Zip Recovery applications use high end scanning algorithms that provide effective repair of corrupt .zip archives. These software come with user-friendly interface and simple, graphical and to-the-point documentation.

Stellar Phoenix Zip Recovery is the foremost zip recovery utility that provides comprehensive repair and restoration of affected .zip files. It can be used to repair .zip files created from Winzip 5 to WinZip 11.1. It also repairs all sub-types of password protected .zip files up to Win Zip 8.0. It supports Windows Vista, 2003, XP and NT.

Annoying Spyware And Its Elimination

Nowadays, you might have noticed of a threatening word "Spyware". Spyware software is becoming annoyance for the companies. Spyware is likely to be verified as a great damager to the companies. It is not so noticeable like spam and virus assaults to the systems. Spyware could be destructive and cause financial losses.

Spyware is almost an invisible software programs that collects and transmits personal or company's important data through the Internet without being noticed. The transferred data could be used for smashing up your company's credit or might hard hit its profits. Spyware is also commonly acknowledged as Adware, Malware, Sneakware and Snoopware.

Entry point of Spyware: It could enter your network by auto-download software that automatically downloaded to your network, even without user's acknowledgement. It could also enter with software, which is downloaded by user that includes Spyware program. Most common entry of this software is pop-ups, which appears while opening any site. The pop-ups are very attractively designed to allure user to click it.

The Spyware software is not even blocked by firewall programs, as user itself allows it, of-course, due to unawareness. Similarly, the usual antivirus programs are also unable not block it, due to they don't seem as wicked as viruses.

Safeguard against Spyware: User should completely read and understand the license agreement before downloading any software. Avoid downloading unknown and fallacious software from the internet. Keep away from clicking pop-up that put forward mouthwatering offers.

The constant use of anti-Spyware software: Often use of anti Spyware could prevent entering such harmful programs to your network. The best precautious step is that, a user could apply to block Spyware access via gateway security solutions like the NetApp Internet access and security (IAS) solution, which stops admittance to Web sites offering Spyware.

There are several anti-spyware programs available out there. These programs search and eliminate Spyware and adware. They can detect and sweep off huge number of adware files and modules.

13 Comparisons of Vista vs Tiger

Competitive and fast are two terms that are applicable to the world of computers. Constantly changing and evolving computer systems bring many advantages to the users and techies alike. The race for supremacy between the yet to be launched Vista (scheduled for 2006) and Mac OSX Tiger began in 2003 with Microsoft's announcements of plans for an integrated desktop search functionality in Windows Vista.

While opinions vary and are really personal choices in many ways, the following sums up the functionalities between Vista and Tiger.

1. Vista has a completely redesigned look and feel; it is aesthetic, functional, and exciting according to industry sources. Mac Tiger on the other hand was always famous for its technology and aesthetics which are clean and clutter free. In fact, many of the visual effects that Vista has like translucent icons, high resolution, and animation effects have been integral to Tiger for more than four years.

2. Vista is yet to resolve problems caused by underlying windows, while Tiger has fine tuned the bleed caused by windows beneath the surface ones.

3. The 128 x 128 pixel icons of Tiger have better rendition and clearer resolution than the 32 x 32 or 64 x 64 pixel icons of Vista. However one will only know whether Vista will have resolution independent vector graphics once the final version comes to the market.

4. Both Vista and Tiger have closely similar desk top search functions. The only immediate difference is that in Tiger the filtering becomes operational only after creation of a Smart Folder or using the shortcut keys. The Virtual Folder of Vista is identical to the Smart Folder of Tiger.

5. Vista has next generation features, where the system has enough inbuilt intelligence that organizes data. This fine tunes any searches that need to be done. In comparison to this, the Tiger has an old fashioned system with no specials.

6. Vista supports meta data processing while with Tiger meta data can be created or edited only by using document processing applications.

7. Vista permits users to visually locate files while Tiger does not. Image previews in Tiger are turned off by default.

8. As far as security is concerned the Tiger is by far superior to Vista. Since the Tiger user base is small the number of hackers and attackers are fewer as compared to Windows.

9. User accounts and log ins are safer in the Tiger system and Microsoft plans to incorporate similar systems in Vista to strengthen security.

10. Vista has new systems similar to Tiger that will enable users to assert parental locks or blocks. Parental controls help limit computer usage by children protecting them from several dangers.

11. Security in Vista includes inbuilt protection against rogue attacks, malware, spyware, adware and so on. In the case of Tiger its security system has remained secure and unbreached. Whether Vista will earn the same distinction will be known only after it comes into use.

12. Both Vista and Tiger have great networking features making both immensely usable both at home and in businesses. The Tiger is simpler while Vista is a bit more complex to use.

13. The hibernation mode works instantly in Tiger and Vista is also trying to match its facilities.

While the above draws tentative comparisons between the two systems a true evaluation can only be made once Vista is released in its completed version and comes into use.

Author Bio
Paul Wilson is a freelance writer for www.1888SoftwareDownloads.com, the premier website to find Free Software Downloads including free anti-virus software, free spyware detection software, free toolbars, free chat software and more. He also freelances for www.1888FreeOnlineGames.com

Forget Netbooks: Credit Card-Sized PCs Are the Future

I've suggested several times that in the near future computers will penetrate nearly every aspect of your daily life: After all, netbooks are relatively new tech and they're small enough to slip into a purse or (large) pocket in the case of the Vaio P. But with an invention from Toradex the computers-everywhere idea gets a huge boost: The company managed to squeeze most of the guts of a netbook down to a truly tiny credit card size.

Two tiny Toradex motherboards have just been unveiled: The Robin Z510 and Z530. As their name suggests each sports a different version of the Intel processor that's largely driven the netbook revolution: The Atom. In this case a 1.1GHz Atom Z510 or 1.6GHz Z530 is married to a circuit board just 84mm by 55mm. The board supports up to seven USB 2.0 ports, has embedded gigabit ethernet, PCIe and SATA connections, 512MB of built-in RAM, has a microSD slot and outputs VGA video, TV-out and HD-audio.

Obviously you don't need to connect all of these to form a full computer, and with the addition of a small battery pack (possible thanks to the Robin Z510's tiny power-consumption of just 3.5W to 5W) a complete PC package could easily be fashioned into a smaller than palm-sized unit. Imagine a next-gen electronic book that's much more capable than just a text-display system thanks to a tiny embedded Atom motherboard, or a digital photo frame with one inside that also lets you play games and download and watch movies.

Combined with equally small systems such as the plug computer and other tech like intelligent clothing truly ubiquitous computer power, far removed from the idea of a "PC in a box," is now a whole step nearer. Just one important question remains: would you run Linux or Windows on your smart-system, Wi-Fi-embedded, digital color display ski jacket?

Spotify heading to TV

Spotify is set to launch a new toolkit this week, opening up its application programming interface (API) in order to encourage developers to build the service into a range of comms and entertainment devices such as mobiles, consoles and TVs.

This exciting news comes from a recent interview in the Guardian with Spotify co-founder Daniel Ek, who outlines how developers will now be able to build their Spotify clients.

"This is the first step towards becoming more of a platform," said Ek, adding, "there are lots of services that have APIs, but this is different because it lets anyone build a Spotify client."

Xbox, PS3, Sonos

Ek dropped in a number of names such as Sonos, Logitech, Xbox, PS3 and more, telling the interviewer:

"If somebody wants to build it into media centre PCs, or if a company wants to integrate Spotify into TV screens, they can… several companies are working on stuff right now – we can't announce anything at the moment, but it's very interesting."

"There are lots of areas where we don't have the resources to develop ourselves," he added. "This takes a lot of workload off our backs, and we don't know every way that people want to use the service."

"People consume music all over the web today; you want to consume music on a wide variety of devices and the music business needs to adapt to that… it's the only way to get people paying for music again."

Around 40,000 new users are currently signing up to Spotify every day.

Net firms start storing user data

The plans were drawn up in the wake of the London bombings in 2005.

ISPs and telecoms firms have resisted the proposals while some countries in the EU are contesting the directive.

Jim Killock, executive director of the Open Rights Group, said it was a "crazy directive" with potentially dangerous repercussions for citizens.

All ISPs in the European Union will have to store the records for a year. An EU directive which requires telecoms firms to hold on to telephone records for 12 months is already in force.

The data stored does not include the content of e-mails and websites, nor a recording of a net phone call, but is used to determine connections between individuals.

Authorities can get access to the stored records with a warrant.

Governments across the EU have now started to implement the directive into their own national legislation.

The UK Home Office, responsible for matters of policing and national security, said the measure had "effective safeguards" in place.

ISPs across Europe have complained about the extra costs involved in maintaining the records. The UK government has agreed to reimburse ISPs for the cost of retaining the data.

Sense of shock

He added: "It was introduced in the wake of the London bombings when there was a sense of shock in Europe. It was used to push people in a particular direction."

Sweden has decided to ignore the directive completely while there is a challenge going through the German courts at present.

"Hopefully, we can see some sort of challenge to this directive," said Mr Killock.

In a statement, the Home Office said it was implementing the directive because it was the government's priority to "protect public safety and national security".

It added: "Communications data is the where and when of the communication and plays a vital part in a wide range of criminal investigations and prevention of terrorist attacks, as well as contributing to public safety more generally.